// Copyright 2021 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

import Foundation

/// A type that can perform atomic operations using block-based transformations.
protocol HeartbeatStorageProtocol: Sendable {
  func readAndWriteSync(using transform: (HeartbeatsBundle?) -> HeartbeatsBundle?)
  func readAndWriteAsync(using transform: @escaping @Sendable (HeartbeatsBundle?)
    -> HeartbeatsBundle?)
  func getAndSet(using transform: (HeartbeatsBundle?) -> HeartbeatsBundle?) throws
    -> HeartbeatsBundle?
  func getAndSetAsync(using transform: @escaping @Sendable (HeartbeatsBundle?) -> HeartbeatsBundle?,
                      completion: @escaping @Sendable (Result<HeartbeatsBundle?, Error>) -> Void)
}

/// Thread-safe storage object designed for transforming heartbeat data that is persisted to disk.
final class HeartbeatStorage: Sendable, HeartbeatStorageProtocol {
  /// The identifier used to differentiate instances.
  private let id: String
  /// The underlying storage container to read from and write to.
  private let storage: any Storage
  /// The encoder used for encoding heartbeat data.
  private let encoder: JSONEncoder = .init()
  /// The decoder used for decoding heartbeat data.
  private let decoder: JSONDecoder = .init()
  /// The queue for synchronizing storage operations.
  private let queue: DispatchQueue

  /// Designated initializer.
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - id: A string identifier.
  ///   - storage: The underlying storage container where heartbeat data is stored.
  init(id: String,
       storage: Storage) {
    self.id = id
    self.storage = storage
    queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.heartbeat.storage.\(id)")
  }

  // MARK: - Instance Management

  /// Statically allocated cache of `HeartbeatStorage` instances keyed by string IDs.
  private static let cachedInstances: UnfairLock<
    [String: WeakContainer<HeartbeatStorage>]
  > = UnfairLock([:])

  /// Gets an existing `HeartbeatStorage` instance with the given `id` if one exists. Otherwise,
  /// makes a new instance with the given `id`.
  ///
  /// - Parameter id: A string identifier.
  /// - Returns: A `HeartbeatStorage` instance.
  static func getInstance(id: String) -> HeartbeatStorage {
    cachedInstances.withLock { cachedInstances in
      if let cachedInstance = cachedInstances[id]?.object {
        return cachedInstance
      } else {
        let newInstance = HeartbeatStorage.makeHeartbeatStorage(id: id)
        cachedInstances[id] = WeakContainer(object: newInstance)
        return newInstance
      }
    }
  }

  /// Makes a `HeartbeatStorage` instance using a given `String` identifier.
  ///
  /// The created persistent storage object is platform dependent. For tvOS, user defaults
  /// is used as the underlying storage container due to system storage limits. For all other
  /// platforms,
  /// the file system is used.
  ///
  /// - Parameter id: A `String` identifier used to create the `HeartbeatStorage`.
  /// - Returns: A `HeartbeatStorage` instance.
  private static func makeHeartbeatStorage(id: String) -> HeartbeatStorage {
    #if os(tvOS)
      let storage = UserDefaultsStorage.makeStorage(id: id)
    #else
      let storage = FileStorage.makeStorage(id: id)
    #endif // os(tvOS)
    return HeartbeatStorage(id: id, storage: storage)
  }

  deinit {
    // Removes the instance if it was cached.
    Self.cachedInstances.withLock { value in
      value.removeValue(forKey: id)
    }
  }

  // MARK: - HeartbeatStorageProtocol

  /// Synchronously reads from and writes to storage using the given transform block.
  /// - Parameter transform: A block to transform the currently stored heartbeats bundle to a new
  /// heartbeats bundle value.
  func readAndWriteSync(using transform: (HeartbeatsBundle?) -> HeartbeatsBundle?) {
    queue.sync {
      let oldHeartbeatsBundle = try? load(from: storage)
      let newHeartbeatsBundle = transform(oldHeartbeatsBundle)
      try? save(newHeartbeatsBundle, to: storage)
    }
  }

  /// Asynchronously reads from and writes to storage using the given transform block.
  /// - Parameter transform: A block to transform the currently stored heartbeats bundle to a new
  /// heartbeats bundle value.
  func readAndWriteAsync(using transform: @escaping @Sendable (HeartbeatsBundle?)
    -> HeartbeatsBundle?) {
    queue.async { [self] in
      let oldHeartbeatsBundle = try? load(from: storage)
      let newHeartbeatsBundle = transform(oldHeartbeatsBundle)
      try? save(newHeartbeatsBundle, to: storage)
    }
  }

  /// Synchronously gets the current heartbeat data from storage and resets the storage using the
  /// given transform block.
  ///
  /// This API is like any `getAndSet`-style API in that it gets (and returns) the current value and
  /// uses
  /// a block to transform the current value (or, soon-to-be old value) to a new value.
  ///
  /// - Parameter transform: An optional block used to reset the currently stored heartbeat.
  /// - Returns: The heartbeat data that was stored (before the `transform` was applied).
  @discardableResult
  func getAndSet(using transform: (HeartbeatsBundle?) -> HeartbeatsBundle?) throws
    -> HeartbeatsBundle? {
    let heartbeatsBundle: HeartbeatsBundle? = try queue.sync {
      let oldHeartbeatsBundle = try? load(from: storage)
      let newHeartbeatsBundle = transform(oldHeartbeatsBundle)
      try save(newHeartbeatsBundle, to: storage)
      return oldHeartbeatsBundle
    }
    return heartbeatsBundle
  }

  /// Asynchronously gets the current heartbeat data from storage and resets the storage using the
  /// given transform block.
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - transform: An escaping block used to reset the currently stored heartbeat.
  ///   - completion: An escaping block used to process the heartbeat data that
  ///   was stored (before the `transform` was applied); otherwise, the error
  ///   that occurred.
  func getAndSetAsync(using transform: @escaping @Sendable (HeartbeatsBundle?) -> HeartbeatsBundle?,
                      completion: @escaping @Sendable (Result<HeartbeatsBundle?, Error>) -> Void) {
    queue.async {
      do {
        let oldHeartbeatsBundle = try? self.load(from: self.storage)
        let newHeartbeatsBundle = transform(oldHeartbeatsBundle)
        try self.save(newHeartbeatsBundle, to: self.storage)
        completion(.success(oldHeartbeatsBundle))
      } catch {
        completion(.failure(error))
      }
    }
  }

  /// Loads and decodes the stored heartbeats bundle from a given storage object.
  /// - Parameter storage: The storage container to read from.
  /// - Returns: The decoded `HeartbeatsBundle` loaded from storage; `nil` if storage is empty.
  /// - Throws: An error if storage could not be read or the data could not be decoded.
  private func load(from storage: Storage) throws -> HeartbeatsBundle? {
    let data = try storage.read()
    if data.isEmpty {
      return nil
    } else {
      let heartbeatData = try data.decoded(using: decoder) as HeartbeatsBundle
      return heartbeatData
    }
  }

  /// Saves the encoding of the given value to the given storage container.
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - heartbeatsBundle: The heartbeats bundle to encode and save.
  ///   - storage: The storage container to write to.
  private func save(_ heartbeatsBundle: HeartbeatsBundle?, to storage: Storage) throws {
    if let heartbeatsBundle {
      let data = try heartbeatsBundle.encoded(using: encoder)
      try storage.write(data)
    } else {
      try storage.write(nil)
    }
  }
}

private extension Data {
  /// Returns the decoded value of this `Data` using the given decoder. Defaults to `JSONDecoder`.
  /// - Returns: The decoded value.
  func decoded<T>(using decoder: JSONDecoder = .init()) throws -> T where T: Decodable {
    try decoder.decode(T.self, from: self)
  }
}

private extension Encodable {
  /// Returns the `Data` encoding of this value using the given encoder.
  /// - Parameter encoder: An encoder used to encode the value. Defaults to `JSONEncoder`.
  /// - Returns: The data encoding of the value.
  func encoded(using encoder: JSONEncoder = .init()) throws -> Data {
    try encoder.encode(self)
  }
}
